The Chicago and Illinois Midland was, and remains, not particularly well-known as it operated a network of barely 100 miles. Its primary function was to provide transportation services for owner Commonwealth Edison, moving coal from the southern Illinois coal fields to power plants in Chicago.
It all began as a very small operation established by local interests south of Springfield in moving agricultural goods to market. After coal became the primary focus the C&IM's purpose remained relatively unchanged for more than 80 years. Its passenger business was, as one might imagine, relatively insignificant and these trains were abolished after World War II.
Interestingly, the C&IM did not gain its name from the territory it served but rather the companies which owned it. Its patchwork network ran no further north than Peoria and no further south than Taylorville. In 1996 it became part of the Genesee & Wyoming family of short lines and its corporate name was changed as the Illinois & Midland Railroad.
Because of its size there has not been many publications highlighting the corporate history of the Chicago and Illinois Midland. In the mid-1950s the company released a short booklet on this subject entitled, "Chicago & Illinois Midland Railway Company: The Midland Story," that helps explain its heritage.
The earliest component was the Pawnee Railroad, chartered in 1890 by local farmers in the rural community of Pawnee to ship their agricultural products to market much more efficiently than the traditional methods of wagons and horses. That same year the small pike opened a 4 mile system from the town to a connection with the Illinois Central at nearby Pawnee Junction, later renamed Cimic.
In 1905 the Chicago Edison Company, which became Commonwealth Edison in 1907 (via merger with Commonwealth Electric) and headed by noted industrialist Samuel Insull, acquired the Pawnee Railroad in conjunction with Francis Peabody's Illinois Midland Coal Company. Their efforts were part of a larger plan to handle coal from seams situated in Sangamon and Christian Counties to power plants in Chicago.
A History Of Illinois Railroads
On January 25, 1906 the system was reorganized as the Chicago & Illinois Midland Railway (Interestingly, its name did not derive from the city or region it intended to serve. Instead, it was a combination of owners, Chicago Edison and Illinois Midland Coal.) then proceeded to expand both eastward and westward reaching Taylorville and Auburn.
The former offered interchanges with the Wabash and Baltimore & Ohio while the latter provided connections with the Chicago & Alton (later Gulf, Mobile & Ohio), Illinois Traction (the future Illinois Terminal), and the Chicago & North Western at a location known as Compro (just west of Auburn). The system remained regional in nature at less than 30 miles until March 17, 1926 when a segment of the moribund Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad was taken over.
This system had struggled for years with a heritage tracing back to the early 1850's. It had attempted to open a through route from Chicago to St. Louis and other points across the Midwest but constant financial problems derailed these hopes. It was reorganized for a final time in early 1913 as the CP&StL and at that time maintained a 200 mile route from St. Louis to Peoria with short extensions to Jacksonville (via Havana) and Grafton (located north of St. Louis along the Mississippi River).
In 1924 the road was shut down and its assets liquidated. The 84-mile section from Springfield to Pekin, then known as the Springfield, Havana & Peoria Railroad, was subsequently leased by the C&IM while the Illinois Central picked up the southern segment from Springfield into St. Louis.
By acquiring its part the C&IM also gained a one-quarter ownership in the Peoria & Pekin Union Railway. This successful little terminal/switching carrier not only served numerous customers but also maintained a multitude of interchanges with major railroads including:
The C&IM also worked out an agreement with Illinois Cnetral to utilize trackage rights between Cimic and Springfield (16 miles) which allowed it to operate both of its segments as a unified network. The entire main line from Pekin to Taylorsville, via Cimic and Springfield, totaled 121 miles.
Coal, which comprised about 90% of the Chicago & Illinois Midland's annual tonnage, normally did move by rail all of the way into Chicago. To reduce shipping costs a substantial rail-river coal transfer terminal was built in Havana along the Illinois River.
From there the black diamonds were shipped north via barge. According to J.P. Lamb, Jr.'s article, "C&IM Revisted" from the March, 1960 issue of Trains Magazine, most of the coal sent here derived from the Peabody Coal Company's Mine #10 near Ellis, Illinois while 60 to 80 daily loads interchanged from the Illinois Central and Gulf, Mobile & Ohio.
All of this went to either Chicago, home to eleven plants, or one generating station operated at nearby Pekin. To move all of this tonnage the C&IM was laid with heavy 130-pound rail and relied on hefty 2-10-2's (either built new or acquired secondhand).
Other wheel arrangements included 2-8-2's, 2-8-0's, various switchers, and a set of modern 4-4-0's for passenger service. Not surprisingly, these trains were lightly patronized and scheduled #6 made its final runs in May of 1953.
Traditionally, all locomotive and car repair work was carried out at the primary shops in Taylorville. However, this changed in the later 1950's when these facilities were moved to a more central location at Springfield which was also home to the road's headquarters. The C&IM contained a photogenic route, aglow in rolling hills and farmland, but not without its difficulties from an operational standpoint.
Heavy coal drags heading towards the Havana terminal had to deal with a rugged 1.64% grade north of Petersburg referred to as either "Petersburg Hill" or just "The Hill." As the Trains Magazine article, "Oasis In Dieseldom" (August, 1955) notes, a lone 2-10-2 would pick up as much momentum as it could through Petersburg before tackling this stubborn grade.
For a typical 60-car consist it had to repeat the assault two additional times utilizing roughly 20-car cuts. During the mid-1950's the railroad began testing diesel road-switchers by leasing a few Milwaukee Road SD9's.
Management liked their performance well enough to order a batch of five in 1955. In addition, it picked up six SW1200's at the same time. The original 11 diesels replaced a fleet of 26 steam locomotives. There were also future orders for the rare RS1325, along with SD18's, and finally SD38-2's.
Electro-Motive Division
Model Type | Road Number | Date Built | Quantity |
---|---|---|---|
SW1200 | 18-23 | 1955 | 6 |
RS1325 | 30-31 | 1960 | 2 |
SD9 | 50-54 | 1955 | 5 |
SD18 | 60-61 | 1961 | 2 |
SD38-2 | 70-75 | 1974 | 6 |
Class A-1 - - - - - - D-2 - D-4 F-4 - G-1 G-2 - G-4 - H-1 H-2 - |
Road Number 500-502 505-506 507-508 519-520 525-526 527 530-536 540-541 545-546 547-549 550-552 560-561 600-601 602-603 651-655 656-657 658-659 700-703 751-758 759 |
Wheel Arrangement 4-4-0 4-6-0 2-6-0 2-8-0 2-8-2 2-8-2 2-8-0 0-8-0 0-8-0 0-8-0 2-8-2 2-8-2 2-10-2 2-10-2 2-10-2 2-10-2 2-10-2 2-10-2 2-10-2 2-10-2 |
Builder Baldwin Baldwin - Pittsburgh - - - Lima - Lima Lima Alco Baldwin Baldwin Alco/Brooks Alco/Brooks Alco/Brooks Lima Baldwin Baldwin |
Date Built/Notes 1927 Retired 1929/Ex-QO&KC* #24-25 Retired 1927/Ex-CB&Q #1025 and #1016 Retired 1935/Ex-P&LE Retired 1948/Ex-C&O #2920-2921 Retired 1951/Ex-A&StAB** #300 Retired 1933/Ex-CCC&StL*** 1937 Sold/Ex-MRC #101-102**** 1926/Ex-Kentucky & Indiana Terminal 1928-1931 Retired 1951/Ex-DL&W #2120, #2137 1927 1929 Retired 1952-54/Ex-Wabash***** 1917, Ex-Wabash #2501 and #2524 Retired 1952-53/Ex-Wabash #2515 and #2519 1931 1925-1926****** Retired 3-30-55/Ex-ACL #2005 |
* Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railroad
** Atlanta & St. Andrews Bay Railway
*** Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway. Former numbers (in order per C&IM's numbering system): #6575, #6584, #6587, #6588, #6592, #6595, and #6596.
**** Manufacturers Railway Company: #101 sold to Cumberland Railway & Coal Company (#54) and #102 sold to Sydney & Louisburg Railway (#89).
***** Former Wabash numbers (in order per C&IM's numbering system): #2510, #2514, #2528, #2517, and #2518.
****** Former Atlantic Coast Line numbers (in order per C&IM's numbering system): #2000, #2016, #2013, #2014, #2007, #2018, #2011, #2019, and #2005.
Thanks in large part to the Trains Magazine article, "Oasis In Dieseldom" (photos by Philip Hastings, writing by David P. Morgan) from the August, 1955 issue, for help in compiling this roster.
In the 1960's the bottom fell out on high-sulfur, bituminous coal due in part to the passage of the Clean Air Act. The new law significantly hurt the railroad’s earnings and Commonwealth sought buyers for its railroad.
Just around that time demand was growing for Powder River Basin’s clean burning coal and as a result Commonwealth retained ownership. While it did relatively well for the next 20 years, interestingly it was deregulation that brought about its eventual sale.
Now that railroads could set their own freight rates C&IM’s parent found it was simply cheaper to contract with other nearby railroads rather than move the black diamonds through a subsidiary. So, in late 1987 the railroad was sold to private investors and then in 1996 was acquired by short line conglomerate Genesee & Wyoming.
Following G&W's takeover the company was renamed as Illinois & Midland Railroad. Today, the I&M remains a successful operation witnessing more than 100,000 annual carloads. However, it no longer handles only coal with traffic consisting of "...agricultural/food products, building materials, wood products, minerals/ores, and municipal/ industrial waste."
Header Photo: Drew Jacksich
A popular pastime for many is studying and/or exploring abandoned rights-of-way. Today, there are tens of thousands of miles scattered throughout the country. Many were pulled up in the 1970's and 1980's although others were removed long before that. If you are researching active or abandoned corridors you might want to check out the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Historical Topographic Map Explorer. It is an excellent resource with thousands of historic maps on file throughout the country. Just type in a town or city and click on the timeline of maps at the bottom of the page!
You will be hard pressed at finding a better online resource regarding diesel locomotives than Craig Rutherford's TheDieselShop.us. The website contains everything from historic (fallen flags) to contemporary (Class I's, regionals, short lines, and even some museums/tourist lines) rosters, locomotive production information, technical data, all notable models cataloged by the five major builders (American Locomotive, Electro-Motive, General Electric, Fairbanks-Morse, and Baldwin), and much more. A highly recommended database!
In 1998 a gentleman by the name of Andre Kristopans put together a web page highlighting virtually every unit every out-shopped by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division. Alas, in 2013 the site closed by thankfully Don Strack rescued the data and transferred it over to his UtahRails.net site (another fine resource). If you are researching anything EMD related please visit this page first. The information includes original numbers, serials, and order numbers.