Last revised: September 26, 2026
By: Adam Burns
The Cincinnatian was a daylight coach train, and for its first three years it was a small one on purpose. The Baltimore & Ohio put it on the timetable on January 19, 1947, Baltimore and Washington to Cincinnati, five rebuilt heavyweight cars and a shrouded Pacific, timed so the West End of the Alleghenies was crossed in daylight in both directions. Trains 75 west and 76 east. The railroad called it a de luxe all-coach streamliner. Seats were reserved, and the railroad did not charge for the reservation.
That market did not fill the seats. On June 25, 1950 the same blue-and-gray cars became the daylight train between Detroit and Cincinnati, trains 53 south and 54 north, and they stayed in the folder until the B&O’s last passenger day, April 30, 1971. Amtrak did not pick the route up the next morning. The overnight train to St. Louis remained the National Limited. The Cincinnatian used the Baltimore–Cincinnati piece of that route. It was not a cut-down National.
P-7d 5302, President Jefferson under the shroud, has train 76, the eastbound Cincinnatian, on Tray Run Viaduct in the summer of 1947. The viaduct is on the West End, east of Rowlesburg, West Virginia. Charles H. Kerrigan photo.
On this page: At a glance · Five cars · Four Pacifics · Baltimore to Cincinnati · June 25, 1950 · E units, and the late card · April 30, 1971
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| What it was | B&O daylight all-coach streamliner. Five cars, two sets, rebuilt at Mount Clare. No sleeping cars |
| First day | January 19, 1947. Baltimore and Washington to Cincinnati. Trains 75 west, 76 east |
| Second life | June 25, 1950. Detroit to Cincinnati. Trains 53 south, 54 north. Last run April 30, 1971 |
| 1948 accommodations | Coffee Shoppe car. Reclining-seat coaches, seats reserved without charge. Observation-lounge-diner. A stewardess-nurse |
| Steam | Class P-7d 5301–5304, Baldwin Presidents of 1927, shrouded at Mount Clare in 1946. Olive Dennis’s shroud. Otto Kuhler’s blue and gray |
| Mountain card | About 580 miles Baltimore–Cincinnati on the St. Louis main. A 1947 account timed Washington–Cincinnati at about eleven and a half hours, daylight both ways, no helper |
| 1950 Detroit card | 258.1 miles, 6 hours 35 minutes. Michigan Central Station, Detroit, then New York Central rails to Toledo |
| 1969 Detroit card | C&O Fort Street Union Depot. Milepost 282. Train 53 leaves Detroit 11:00 a.m., Cincinnati 6:20 p.m. |
| Late power | E units. The 1963 and 1971 photographs are E9A 1455, one of four E9As delivered in May 1955 |
Outside builders could not deliver new cars in 1946, so Mount Clare stripped older heavyweights to the underframes and built the Cincinnatian on them. The trucks were six-wheel, roller-bearing, and rubber-insulated. The B&O’s argument, already made on the Capitol Limited and the National Limited, was that a heavier car rode better. Two identical sets came out of the shop. A contemporary account counted 176 revenue seats and another 68 lounge seats a passenger could move to. The train was held at five cars so one Pacific could keep the mountain time without a helper.
The March 1948 folder, trains 75 and 76, uses the railroad’s own names for what those five cars did:
Equipment listing, March 1948. Trains 75 and 76, “De Luxe All-Coach Streamliner.” Coffee Shoppe car, reclining-seat coaches with seats reserved in advance without charge, observation-lounge-diner, and a stewardess-nurse. Baltimore–Cincinnati and return.
The named cars, from the Mount Clare rebuild, were two matched five-car sets. The Coffee Shoppe was the head car: a baggage compartment, a crew day room, a buffet, and a 24-seat lounge. Eden Park was 1307. Hyde Park was 1308. Three coaches followed. On the first set they were Indian Hill (3565, 60 seats), Oakley (3572, 56 seats, and the stewardess room), and College Hill (3567, 60 seats). On the second set they were Winton Place (3566, 60), Norwood (3573, 56, with the other stewardess room), and Walnut Hills (3568, 60). The tail was the observation-lounge-diner, 24 seats at tables and an 18-seat lounge: Peebles Corner (3304) and Fountain Square (3305). The names are Cincinnati neighborhoods and corners.
In March 1947 Mount Clare finished two more coaches, Avondale (3574) and Price Hill (3575), 52 seats each, and they replaced College Hill and Walnut Hills. The Baltimore Sun, describing the new train, listed wide windows that did not fog, reclining chairs, Venetian blinds, fluorescent lights, and the heating and air-conditioning the shop had built into the old bodies. An advertisement in the Easton Star-Democrat on the first day called it “sparkling in blue and gray and silver.” That blue and gray was Otto Kuhler’s passenger scheme. The application on these cars, and on the engines, was the railroad’s own.
The Pacifics were Baldwin Presidents of 1927, class P-7, 80-inch drivers, the engines the B&O had bought for Washington–New York after Reading power had handled those trains east of Philadelphia. Twenty of them, 5300–5319, were named for the presidents, one engine standing for both Adamses. The class P page is the roster. What matters here is four of them.
In 1937 the railroad put Otto Kuhler’s bullet-nose shroud on 5304, President Monroe, for the Royal Blue, and classed her P-7a. That is the shell people remember from the American Flyer. It came off. In 1946 Mount Clare rebuilt 5301, 5302, 5303, and 5304 together as class P-7d for this train. Roller bearings on the axles. A larger six-wheel tender, so the engine was not stopping for coal and water against the advertisement. A long-bowl whistle, so a town along the line could tell the Cincinnatian from the other trains. The shroud was Olive Dennis’s. She was the B&O’s passenger-service engineer, the post Daniel Willard had given her years earlier, and this was her streamliner: horizontal stripes and angled lines of Kuhler’s blue and gray laid over a smooth nose, the capitol dome on the front. A 1947 account gave the rebuilt engines a 100-mile-an-hour maximum. That is the railroad’s figure for the class as dressed, not a speed that was timed.
| Number | Name | On this train |
|---|---|---|
| 5301 | President Adams (both Adamses) | P-7d, 1946. Still on train 53/54 at Deshler in July 1956 |
| 5302 | President Jefferson | P-7d. The engine on Tray Run with train 76, summer 1947 |
| 5303 | President Madison | P-7d, 1946 |
| 5304 | President Monroe | Kuhler bullet nose as P-7a in 1937. Dennis shroud as P-7d in 1946. Renumbered 111 in 1957, then scrapped |
None of the four was saved. The President that survives is 5300, President Washington, at the B&O Railroad Museum, and she never wore either shroud.
A P-7d and the five-car train, circa 1947, on the Baltimore–Cincinnati run. The place was not recorded. Charles H. Kerrigan photo.
The route was the St. Louis main as far as Cincinnati. Out of Baltimore the train used Mount Royal and Camden, then Washington Union Station, then the Metropolitan Subdivision and the Cumberland main: Martinsburg, Cumberland, and the West End. Tray Run Viaduct, where Kerrigan caught 5302, sits on that grade east of Rowlesburg. West of Grafton the line runs through Clarksburg and Parkersburg, crosses the Ohio, and finishes through Athens, Chillicothe, Oakley, and Winton Place into Cincinnati Union Terminal. Baltimore to Cincinnati on this railroad is a run of about 580 miles. A later B&O card puts the same city pair at 581.
A 1947 account of the new train, written while the smell of the shop was still on it, gives the card the railroad was proud of. Leave Baltimore at 8:00 a.m. and Washington at 9:00 a.m. Leave Cincinnati, eastbound, at 8:45 a.m. Washington to Cincinnati in about eleven and a half hours, 47.3 miles an hour average, over what that writer called some of the hardest country in the East, the double summits between Cumberland and Grafton included. Both directions made the mountains in daylight. The Pacifics were expected to do it without a helper. The railroad’s advertisement that first morning said it was the fastest train between Baltimore, Washington, and Cincinnati.
The country in between was the problem. Cumberland was the city. Parkersburg, the next town of any size, was about 30,000 people in 1950. Martinsburg, Keyser, Grafton, Clarksburg, Athens, and Chillicothe were smaller. The National Limited and the Diplomat already occupied the same main, one as the overnight train to St. Louis and the other as a secondary schedule. A daylight coach train had to live on the towns it actually woke up in. The first season was talked up, and the railroad spent the publicity, and the loads fell off.
Public timetable, March 1948, page 408. Table 3, Baltimore, Washington, and Cumberland. Train 75, the Cincinnatian, is the daylight column among the Royal Blue, the Capitol Limited, and the locals. Eastern time.
Page 404 of the same folder. Table 3 continued. Train 76, the eastbound Cincinnatian, is in the Cumberland–Baltimore columns.
The same folder, page 411. Table 35, Cumberland, Parkersburg, Cincinnati, Louisville, and St. Louis, March 1948. Trains 75 and 76 are the Cincinnatian columns. The National Limited and the Diplomat are the other through trains on the page.
The cars moved north. On June 25, 1950 the Cincinnatian became the daylight train between Detroit and Cincinnati and came off the Baltimore run. It replaced the Great Lakes Limited in that job. The night trains stayed night trains: Nos. 57 and 58, with sleeping cars, 8-section 4-double-bedroom space Detroit–Cincinnati among the lines they carried. Those two were named the Night Express in 1960. They are a different train.
The 1950 streamliner card is 258.1 miles and 6 hours 35 minutes, southbound and northbound. It originated at Michigan Central Station in Detroit and used New York Central track to Toledo. From Toledo south the railroad was the B&O: Deshler, where the line crosses the Washington–Chicago main and the timetable kept a long dwell, then Lima, Wapakoneta, Sidney, Piqua, Troy, Dayton, Middletown, Hamilton, Winton Place, and Cincinnati. Lima’s stop was the Pennsylvania station, so a passenger could change there to a Pennsylvania train running east and west.
The grades south of Toledo are not the West End. Mail and express could go on the head end without wrecking the time, and they did. The five-car purity of 1947 loosened. The name, the numbers, and the blue and gray stayed.
Equipment page after the move. Trains 53 and 54, still “De Luxe All-Coach Streamliner.” Observation-lounge-diner and Coffee Shoppe car, both marked with radio, reclining-seat coaches, and a stewardess, Detroit–Cincinnati and return. Trains 57 and 58, below them on the page, are the night trains, with sleepers.
The Detroit terminal changed with the trackage. By the middle 1960s the train was using the Chesapeake & Ohio into Fort Street Union Depot instead of Michigan Central Station. A C&O/B&O timetable of January 27, 1964 already shows that end of the route in play. The 1969 card below is Fort Street, and the mileposts have grown to 282. The train is slower than the 1950 card: 7 hours 20 minutes south, 11:00 a.m. to 6:20 p.m.
Steam lasted on the Detroit train longer than the photographs of 1947 suggest. In July 1956 Don Wood caught 5301 making the Deshler stop with the southbound Cincinnatian, shroud still on, and that was late for a B&O passenger Pacific. The four came off around then. In 1957 the former 5304 wore the number 111, the shroud gone and the class letter back to a plain P-7, and she was off the roster soon after. The steam roster ends, for the public, with a freight on May 17, 1958. The Cincinnatian was already a diesel train.
What the late photographs show is an E9A. The B&O’s four E9As, 1454–1457, arrived in May 1955. They were the last new passenger cabs. No. 1455 is the engine in both frames below. The diesel roster is here.
E9A 1455 and a second E unit have train 53, the Cincinnatian, at Cincinnati Union Terminal in April 1963. Rick Burn photo.
The 1969 card, Fort Street to Union Terminal:
| Train 53, south | Miles | Station | Train 54, north |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11:00 a.m. | 0 | Detroit (C&O, Fort Street Union Depot) | 5:40 p.m. |
| 11:35 a.m. | 25 | Plymouth, Mich. | 4:54 p.m. |
| 12:55 p.m. Ar / 1:05 p.m. Dp | 82 | Toledo | 3:30 p.m. Ar / 3:45 p.m. Dp |
| 1:47 p.m. Ar / 2:05 p.m. Dp | 119 | Deshler | 2:10 p.m. Ar / 2:30 p.m. Dp |
| 2:58 p.m. | 153 | Lima (Pennsylvania station) | 1:16 p.m. |
| 3:16 p.m. | 166 | Wapakoneta | 12:59 p.m. |
| 3:45 p.m. | 186 | Sidney | 12:39 p.m. |
| 3:58 p.m. | 196 | Piqua | 12:18 p.m. |
| 4:10 p.m. | 204 | Troy | 12:07 p.m. |
| 4:37 p.m. Ar / 4:47 p.m. Dp | 224 | Dayton | 11:25 a.m. Ar / 11:40 a.m. Dp |
| 5:11 p.m. | 246 | Middletown | 11:02 a.m. |
| 5:29 p.m. | 258 | Hamilton | 10:47 a.m. |
| 6:20 p.m. | 282 | Cincinnati (Union Terminal) | 10:00 a.m. |
The late Fort Street card, as long carried with this page. Southbound 53 is read down. Northbound 54 is read up. Deshler’s dwell is the crossing of the Chicago main.
By 1970 and 1971 the Cincinnatian was the only B&O train left on the Detroit–Cincinnati run. Checked baggage was gone. A passenger carried his own bag onto the coach. The observation-lounge-diner and the Coffee Shoppe of 1948 were no longer that train. What was left was a name, a pair of numbers, reclining seats, and whatever food the timetable still offered on part of the run.
E9A 1455 with train 53 at Dayton Union Station in 1971. The consist is a short one: a head-end car and coaches, not the five-car streamliner of 1947. American-Rails.com collection.
The last run was April 30, 1971. On May 1 Amtrak kept the Capitol Limited and a handful of other B&O trains under new names and numbers. It did not keep a daylight train from Fort Street to Cincinnati. The cars Mount Clare had rebuilt in 1946, and the four Pacifics Dennis had shrouded to pull them, were already gone. The name lasted twenty-four years and three months, which is a long life for a five-car coach train that started on the wrong piece of railroad.
Related pages: Baltimore & Ohio · National Limited · Capitol Limited · Royal Blue · Columbian · Class P Pacifics · B&O steam roster · B&O diesel roster · B&O passenger trains · B&O Railroad Museum · Cincinnati Union Terminal · Streamliners
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