Last revised: October 18, 2026
By: Adam Burns
The Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad was an Illinois railroad between the Peoria terminal and the Mississippi at Madison, by way of Havana, Springfield, and the river bluffs. The oldest piece was the Illinois River Railroad, incorporated on February 11, 1853, to build from Jacksonville toward La Salle. Pekin drove the first spike on July 4, 1859. The final company of the name took possession on January 1, 1913. In the manual of May 1924 it owned 234 miles and operated 247.
The corporate name reached for a Chicago–St. Louis trunk. The company’s own track ended on the north at Pekin, with trackage rights over the Peoria & Pekin Union into Peoria, and on the south at Madison and the Merchants Bridge into St. Louis. Chicago stood on the map as a city other railroads could reach. A foreclosure sale on November 20, 1924, divided the property. Trains kept running after that sale. The Springfield–Pekin piece is today the Illinois & Midland.
The Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis as drawn for the 1909 public timetable. The heavy line runs from Pekin through Havana, Petersburg, and Springfield, then down the bluffs through Jerseyville and Lock Haven to Alton, Granite City, and Madison. The Jacksonville branch and the Grafton branch are on the sheet. Chicago is a connection beyond the company’s own track.
On this page: The Illinois River Railroad · Springfield to Havana · Out of the Wabash · At a glance · The 1909 officers · The 1909 timetable · The last company · The 1924 sale · Four railroads
The special act of February 11, 1853, incorporated the Illinois River Railroad to build from Jacksonville to La Salle, through Virginia, Bath, and Pekin. On October 23, 1856, Pekin voted 301 to 5 to subscribe $100,000 of stock. Grading was under way at Havana in September 1857, where the contractor’s crews cut down the sand hill above Market Street. The company’s own notice of March 14, 1857, asked for bids on about seventy miles from Pekin to Jacksonville and called the line the interior link of a Chicago–St. Louis route. That was the ambition. The track that got built was the river section.
Chief engineer W. G. Wheaton’s report of September 1, 1858, counted 60.27 miles from the Peoria & Hannibal junction, two miles north of Pekin, to Virginia. Of that, 49.75 miles were ready for ties, and 10.52 were still to finish. Surveys were finished for the fifteen miles from Virginia to Jacksonville, and that grading was still ahead. The Illinois River crossing was a bridge of 1,076 feet, a draw span and five truss spans. The plans also called for a 150-foot bridge over the Mackinaw and a 170-foot bridge over the Sangamon. President Richard S. Thomas was in New York in January 1858 arranging for iron.
Pekin laid the first rail and drove the first spike on July 4, 1859. William H. Bates, in the Pekin history, wrote that the road was completed only after it passed to the next company. The 1861 Pekin directory found trains running as far as Virginia, 62 miles from Pekin by that directory’s count, through Manito, Forest City, Topeka, Havana, Bath, Saidora, and Chandlerville, with the fare at $2.25. The Interstate Commerce Commission’s later inventory of the same railroad is about 57 miles, Virginia to Pekin. Each figure belongs to its document.
The property was sold at foreclosure and conveyed on May 21, 1864, to the Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville Railroad, incorporated by special act on June 11, 1863, for that purpose. The Commission’s account of what that company held is 80 miles: the 57 miles from Virginia to Pekin; about 16 miles from Virginia to Jacksonville, built by the new company and later inventoried at 15.492 miles, completed about 1869; and 7 miles from Pekin to Peoria, bought from the Peoria & Hannibal on May 22, 1868. Those 7 miles were sold to the Peoria & Pekin Union on November 1, 1880. From then on, Peoria was a trackage terminal.
A second charter, the Springfield & Northwestern, was dated March 24, 1869, and it pointed from Springfield through Petersburg toward Rock Island. Joseph Cochrane’s Mason County history of 1876 says the road was built in 1871, 1872, and 1873. The length from Springfield to Havana was 47 miles. The rail weighed 50 pounds to the yard, and the gauge was 4 feet, 8½ inches. John Williams of Springfield was president and the principal owner. George N. Black was receiver. The 1879 county history gives the same charter date, names Petersburg on the route, calls the length 48 miles, and says Williams finished the road after the contractors and then operated it. Trains used the Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville east of Havana to reach Pekin and, by trackage, Peoria. Rock Island stayed on the charter.
The Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville was sold at foreclosure and conveyed on July 25, 1881, to the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific. That company’s own foreclosure sent the same property, on July 28, 1888, to The Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Railway. The Springfield–Havana railroad was still a separate company in Cochrane’s 1876 account. On the 1909 map it is one railroad with the river line. Between the 1888 company and the sale of 1924 the track passed through several corporations of nearly the same name. On the Jacksonville–Havana piece the mileage stayed what the Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville had finished, and the Commission found the later companies’ records inseparable.
For a few years the railway was one member of a larger Illinois combination, the Jacksonville Southeastern Line. A foreclosure bill in the Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis case, printed at 61 F. 440, described the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis of that moment as the owner of about 168 miles: Pekin through Havana to Jacksonville, a line from Havana to Springfield, and a disconnected line from Litchfield to East St. Louis. The Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis held the Jacksonville–Litchfield–Centralia road, about 112 miles, and the Litchfield, Carrollton & Western held about 52 miles from Barnett west to Columbiana. One management ran them together.
The system that appears on the 1909 map is the one that survived that combination. The heavy line is continuous from Pekin to Granite City and Madison. South of Springfield it follows the bluffs through Waverly, Jerseyville, and Lock Haven to Alton, with a branch from Lock Haven down to Grafton. The Jacksonville line is a branch off the river route. Litchfield is labeled with the neighboring railroads, off this company’s heavy line.
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Springfield, Illinois |
| Oldest charter | Illinois River Railroad, special act of February 11, 1853, Jacksonville toward La Salle |
| First spike | July 4, 1859, at Pekin. Trains were running Pekin–Virginia by the 1861 city directory |
| Gauge | 4 feet, 8½ inches, on the Springfield & Northwestern in 1876, with 50-pound rail |
| Final company | Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad, incorporated December 6, 1909. Possession January 1, 1913, after a foreclosure of November 18, 1912 |
| Owned, May 1924 | 234 miles. Pekin–Granite City 179; Granite City–Madison 2; Madison–Bridge Junction 3; Havana–Jacksonville 42; Lock Haven–Grafton 8 |
| Operated, May 1924 | 247 miles, including 9 miles of trackage rights, Pekin–Peoria |
| Northern terminal | Pekin, on the company’s own rail, and Peoria by the Peoria & Pekin Union |
| Southern terminal | Madison and Bridge Junction, with passenger trains into St. Louis by the Merchants Bridge |
| Sale | November 20, 1924, in separate parcels. A receiver was still running the Pekin line in February 1926 |
| Successor still running | Springfield–Pekin, taken by the Springfield, Havana & Peoria and then the Chicago & Illinois Midland, today the Illinois & Midland |
Officers of the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railway Company of Illinois, page 983. John P. Ramsey and H. M. Merriam, receivers. Ramsey was also chief executive officer, at Springfield. H. W. Berger was auditor. The traffic agencies sat in St. Louis, Peoria, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York.
The page is the railway company in receivership, the company whose public timetable is dated September 19, 1909. John P. Ramsey and H. M. Merriam are the receivers. Ramsey is also chief executive officer. H. W. Berger is auditor, F. J. Wilson treasurer, and Buford Wilson solicitor, all at Springfield. M. D. Schaff is general superintendent at Springfield. Ed. Nolan is master mechanic at Jacksonville. C. W. Galligan is general freight agent and E. A. Williams general passenger and ticket agent, both at St. Louis. N. E. Mann is general agent of the freight department at Peoria. Traveling agents and a general eastern agent at 355 Broadway, New York, fill out the card. Berger was still secretary and auditor in the 1913–14 manual, after the next company had taken the property.
Public timetable of September 19, 1909, Central time. The main card runs from Peoria through Pekin, Havana, Petersburg, and Springfield, then by Waverly, Jerseyville, Lock Haven, and Alton to East St. Louis and St. Louis. East St. Louis trains are marked by the Merchants Bridge Terminal. The Grafton branch and the Jacksonville branch have their own tables.
The card is a working passenger railroad, with several trains each way on the main line and trains on both branches. Stations down the main stem include Crescent, Manito, Forest City, Havana, Petersburg, Athens, Springfield, Waverly, Medora, Jerseyville, Lock Haven, Alton, Granite City, and East St. Louis. The Grafton table lists Grafton, Chautauqua, Elsah, and Alton, and some of those trains continue to St. Louis. The Jacksonville table lists Jacksonville, Literberry, Virginia, Chandlerville, Bath, and Havana, and it shows the Peoria trains on the far side of Havana. Coupon stations and telegraph stations are marked. The whole card is in Central time.
What the table makes plain is the shape of the railroad. Peoria is the top of the card and a trackage terminal. Springfield, at the middle, is the operating headquarters and the place where the river line and the bluff line meet. St. Louis is the foot of the card, reached by another company’s bridge. Grafton is a branch, eight miles in the later manual, down the Mississippi from Lock Haven. Jacksonville is a branch of about 42 miles from Havana, the piece finished about 1869.
The Commercial and Financial Chronicle of June 27, 1914, gives the last corporation its dates. The Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad was incorporated on December 6, 1909, as successor under a reorganization plan. The railway was foreclosed on November 18, 1912. The new company took possession on January 1, 1913. Headquarters remained Springfield. The Chronicle of April 26, 1919, records that on July 3, 1914, president Buford Wilson of Springfield and William Cotter of St. Louis were appointed receivers.
The mileage in the manual of May 31, 1924, is the measured system:
| Piece | Miles | How held |
|---|---|---|
| Pekin–Granite City | 179 | Owned |
| Granite City–Madison | 2 | Owned |
| Madison–Bridge Junction | 3 | Owned |
| Havana–Jacksonville | 42 | Owned |
| Lock Haven–Grafton | 8 | Owned |
| Owned, total | 234 | |
| Pekin–Peoria | 9 | Trackage rights |
| Operated, total | 247 | The manual’s figure, including short pieces run for others |
The road competed for local freight and a modest passenger trade with neighbors that did reach both Chicago and St. Louis on their own rails: the Illinois Central, the Wabash, and the Chicago & Alton. The Chronicle’s earnings for the two calendar years before the sale show a railroad that covered neither its interest nor, in 1921, its operating costs.
| Calendar year | Gross | Net | Other income | Interest and accruals | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | $2,086,331 | Deficit $566,835 | $164,719 | $328,791 | Deficit $730,907 |
| 1922 | $2,098,584 | Deficit $165,568, after tax | $145,812 | $595,989 | Deficit $615,745 |
The property was sold at foreclosure on November 20, 1924, in separate parcels. Trains kept running. The Chronicle of February 27, 1926, reported that a receiver was still operating the Pekin line and that the Alton & Eastern was operating the line between Grafton and East St. Louis. The Commission’s certificate treated the whole railroad as still in service. The Pekin-line parcels had been sold on the day of the foreclosure to individual buyers for $583,000.
An order of December 21, 1925, authorized the Jacksonville & Havana to acquire Havana–Jacksonville and the Chicago, Springfield & St. Louis to acquire Springfield–Lock Haven. On February 13, 1926, the Commission issued the certificate that covered those transfers and the Chicago & Illinois Midland’s proposal for the Pekin line.
Four companies came off the sale.
The Alton & Eastern took Granite City–Grafton, including the lease of the Alton Terminal. By the time of the February 1926 report it was already running Grafton–East St. Louis. The Illinois Terminal leased that railroad in 1930 and absorbed it in 1937. Of the four pieces, this is the one that stayed in a busy terminal district.
The Chicago, Springfield & St. Louis took Springfield–Lock Haven, the bluff line above the Alton & Eastern. That railroad was later abandoned. The valuation still has it sharing a Springfield office with the Jacksonville & Havana, and the year the track came up is outside that report.
The Springfield, Havana & Peoria was incorporated in Illinois on May 27, 1925, at the instance of Commonwealth Edison, to take the Pekin line. On September 4, 1925, it applied to acquire and operate Springfield–Havana–Pekin, 77.02 miles, in Tazewell, Mason, Menard, and Sangamon counties, and to issue $1,960,000 of first-mortgage bonds and $1,000,000 of common stock. The same day the Chicago & Illinois Midland applied for about 17 miles of Illinois Central trackage rights between Pawnee Junction and Springfield, and for control of the Springfield company by stock and by lease. The certificate of February 13, 1926, covered that application. The Springfield–Pekin railroad is the one still in service, as the Illinois & Midland.
The Jacksonville & Havana was incorporated on April 13, 1925, organized on October 14, 1925, and given its principal office at Springfield. It acquired the branch on June 26, 1926, from the individuals who had bought it at the 1924 sale: 41.780 miles inventoried, 41.750 recorded. Of that, Virginia–Havana is 26.258 miles of the old Illinois River line, and Virginia–Jacksonville is the 15.492 miles finished about 1869. The receiver of the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis operated the branch for the new company’s account from July 1 to August 2, 1926. The Jacksonville & Havana ran it with its own organization from August 2, 1926. On May 3, 1927, it traded the Burlington the joint use of 0.98 mile in Jacksonville for the joint use of about 18 miles of Burlington track between Jacksonville and Waverly. The branch was later abandoned. The Commission’s valuation was written while those trains were still running, and it leaves the year unstated.
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