The Panama Limited

The Illinois Central may have only been a moderately sized Class I but its passenger services were legendary. First among these was the company's flagship, the Panama Limited.  This train connected the Deep South at New Orleans with the Midwest at Chicago.

Later, a sister run was added, which ironically became more famous thanks to a song released during 1971, the City of New Orleans. While the Panama was all about luxury and first class travel, the City of New Orleans was meant to provide a vacation experience for anyone. 

The IC entered the streamliner era with the Green Diamond of 1936, a Pullman design that closely mimicked Union Pacific's early trainsets.  The Panama Limited can trace its heritage back to 1911, long before sleek and colorful trains could be found across America.

Following a brief hiatus between 1932-1934 (a result of the Great Depression), it was the streamliner age which truly allowed the train to shine.  Thanks to an order for new equipment prior to World War II's outbreak the railroad boasted a vibrant new train soon after America entered the conflict.  

The Illinois Central slogan described the railroad quite well, the Main Line of Mid-America. It was one of only a very few railroads to serve markets with north-south running main lines and not the traditional east-west movements.

What made its routing even more odd was that it served Midwestern markets that likewise traditionally moved goods east and west, such as Chicago, St. Louis, Memphis, and New Orleans. Regardless of this the IC carved out a living hauling goods from Chicago to New Orleans and while today the Canadian National owns the railroad, its name continues to survive after over 150 years of existence.  For a bit more reading about the train please click here.

The IC’s Panama was all about style and class. The train had been around since 1911, making it one of the oldest named trains in the country. However, like most passenger trains the Panama's iconic status was not achieved until the IC streamlined it in May of 1942. That spring when the train was re-inaugurated as a lightweight, streamlined operation (equipment came courtesy of Pullman-Standard) it was bedecked in a beautiful livery of chocolate brown and red with yellow trim (another masterful artistic creation from the design team at EMD).

The interior designs of the Panama were just as striking. Playing on Deep South and Cajun themes the train’s entrées highlighted the finest of the region’s cooking and lounge and parlor cars included bamboo furniture, floral patterned curtains, and squared etched glass on the windows. 

Two other attributes the Panama Limited became famous for was its ultra-fast schedule, as it was able to complete the journey between Chicago and New Orleans sometimes in just 16 hours, typically traveling at speeds of up to 100 mph; and, its punctuality.

A good example of this was the high regard placed on the scheduled timetable by then-IC president Wayne Johnston. Able to see the Panama from its platform at Chicago Central Station, if the train had not departed exactly at its scheduled time someone was usually catching serious flack regarding the holdup.

During the train's early streamlined years it could complete the Chicago-New Orleans run in about 18 hours with connecting service to St. Louis. However, by the 1960s the train could complete the trip in just about 16 1/2 hours. The train's typical consist included sleepers, club-lounges, diners, a cafe service (note, no coach service).

Interestingly, the Panama Limited continued to see relatively high ridership numbers through the 1960s and in 1959 was even upgraded with Vista-Dome sleeper-lounges. During the 1960s the train was one of the few to still offer all-Pullman service, an increasing rarity by that date.

Still, increasing costs to operate passenger trains and the loss of RPO service from the U.S. Postal Service in the late 1960s forced the Illinois Central Railroad to begin downgrading its plush Panama, which lost all-Pullman status during that time.

Still, the IC, for the most part, remained dedicated to its flagship through to the end and while its final run occurred on April 30, 1971 (the day before Amtrak took over intercity passenger rail operations in the country) its sister train and celebrity City of New Orleans continues to ply the same route and remains a popular operation under Amtrak.

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