North Dakota Scenic Train Rides: A Complete Guide

Published: February 25, 2025

Because of the state's sparse population there are almost no North Dakota scenic train rides open to the public. The Garden State is not often regarded for its railroading heritage. With few noteworthy cities, much of its trackage consisted of either through main lines or agricultural branches.

For this reason, it is home to only a few railroad museums and just one organization which hosts train excursions, the Fort Lincoln Trolley in Mandan. The state's rural nature also resulted in the construction of few rapid transit systems.

According to Dr. George Hilton and John Due's authoritative piece, "The Electric Interurban Railways In America," while interurban mileage peaked across the United States in 1916 at 15,580 miles, none could be found in North Dakota.

(Interurbans are defined as electrified railroads using trolley or lightweight equipment which connected two or more towns/cities.)

However, a few local streetcar lines did spring up, such as the one in Mandan (across the Missouri River from downtown Bismarck). North Dakota's history with the iron horse began late by railroading standards with the Northern Pacific's westward construction in the 1870's as it attempted to open the first transcontinental railroad into the Pacific Northwest.

The Great Northern held a commanding presence in North Dakota. Here, F3's lead their train near Minnetonka, Minnesota, circa 1968.

State Rail History

Due to its Upper Midwest location, North Dakota's involvement with the railroad occurred long after trains arrived back East. Most did not begin service west of the Mississippi River until after the 1850's while rails did not reach the Dakotas until the 1870's (following Congressional approval for charters to the Pacific coast).

The most famous transcontinental project, of course, was that undertaken by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads. They built along a central route which was formally completed at Promontory Summit, Utah on May 9, 1869.

The southern and northern corridors have largely been forgotten but they too became a reality. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, in conjunction with the Southern Pacific, completed the former (a rather round about endeavor which originally began as part of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway's attempt to establish its own western route) while the latter was finished under the Northern Pacific.

What became known as the "Main Street Of The Northwest" is where North Dakota's story begins (it did not achieve state hood until November 2, 1889 when Dakota Territory was split into North and South Dakota).

Northern Pacific's genesis is tied to that of the first Transcontinental Railroad. Tensions between Northern and Southern states were nearing a crescendo by the late 1850's and the ongoing issue of slavery precluded any progress being made on the railroad topic.

Their differences boiled over when Abraham Lincoln was elected president on November 6, 1860, a man despised in the South. Only weeks later, South Carolina formally seceded from the Union (December 20, 1860); several others soon followed, Confederate forces opened fire on federal troops stationed inside Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861, and the Civil War was upon the nation.

With the country in turmoil the North now had the freedom to choose whichever route it wished and settled on the central option along the 42nd parallel. It was not long before stirrings of a second line along a northern trajectory also gained momentum.

These efforts were led by senators from Northern states and, in particular, Josiah Perham, an eastern railroad promoter. Following great effort he secured a rare federal charter for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. This bill later passed both houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Lincoln on July 2, 1864.

Unlike the Central Pacific and Union Pacific, Northern Pacific was not granted federal subsidies although its federal charter did provide it land grants. The leading man to procure bond sales was Jay Cooke and his banking firm, Jay Cooke & Company.

The railroad began construction from Thomsons Junction, slightly west of Duluth, on February 15, 1870. Within two years, Cooke's efforts had proven quite successful as he managed to sell $30 million. It seemed the railroad, estimated to cost a total of $85 million, would be finished before 1880.

Building westward, Trains Magazine notes in its article, "Great Railroading: State-By-State," published within its January, 2007 issue, NP reached Fargo, Dakota Territory on June 6, 1872. Later that year it arrived at Bismarck.

Unfortunately, Cooke's efforts stalled as bond sales slowed. His bank soon failed and on September 18, 1873 the railroad entered bankruptcy. This setback sparked that years financial panic and several years passed as others attempted to continue the project while preventing its federal charter revocation.

With the help of Henry Villard's Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, NP was eventually able to open a corridor from the Midwest to Tacoma, Washington when a final spike ceremony was held in Gold Creek, Montana on September 8, 1883.

North Dakota would eventually be served by several other noteworthy Midwestern "granger" lines including the Milwaukee Road, Soo Line, and Great Northern. The latter two road's operated main lines within the state while the Milwaukee held a minor presence via a handful of agricultural branches; the GN and NP enjoyed the greatest coverage, maintaining not only through routes but also a multitude of branch lines, designed to predominantly handle grain traffic.

In his book, "The Routledge Historical Atlas Of The American Railroads," historian John F. Stover notes North Dakota's mileage peaked in 1920 at 5,311 miles. As railroads lost market share to other modes of transportation, many of its branch lines were abandoned.

Today, according to the Association of American Railroads (AAR), its total mileage stands at 3,389. The information presented below highlights North Dakota's railroad attractions.

Preserved Steam Locomotives

Railroad/Number	Arrangement/Class	Builder/Date	Location
Northern Pacific #2164	4-6-2 (Q-3)	Baldwin/1909	Camp Hancock State Historic Site
Truax-Traer Coal #2412	2-8-0	Alco-Brooks/1905	Columbus
Soo Line #440	2-8-0 (F-8)	Alco/1903	Harvey Depot/Harvey
Soo Line #735	4-6-2 (H-3)	Alco/1913	Roosevelt Park/Minot
Soo Line #451	2-8-0 (F-9)	Alco-Brooks/1905	New Town
Northern Pacific #684	4-4-0 (C-1)	New York/1883	Bonanzaville/West Fargo
Great Northern #3059	2-8-2 (O-1)	Baldwin/1913	Railroad Park/Williston

Bonanzaville USA

This historic tourist attraction is based in West Fargo, featuring a substantial collection of buildings and artifacts related to the history of North Dakota. It is operated by the Cass County Historical Society. Their collection currently includes 12 acres, 43 historic buildings, and more than 400,000 artifacts. Their railroad pieces include an original Northern Pacific depot from Kathryn which houses layouts of the Spud Valley Railroad Club, another Northern Pacific depot from Embden (built in 1900), a Great Northern gate house, and a small railroad museum. The latter features Northern Pacific 4-4-0 #684 (Class C-1) built by the New York Locomotive Works in 1883.

Fort Lincoln Trolley

Located in Mandan (across the Missouri River from Bismarck) this organization offers a 9-mile trip along the Heart River to Fort Lincoln State Park carrying passenger in restored streetcars.

Midland Continental Railroad Transportation Museum

The museum is housed within the two-story depot of the Midland Continental Railroad, the last of its kind still in existence. The depot feature exhibits which tell the history of the MCRR as well as trace the career of Peggy Lee and her connection to Wimbledon.

North Dakota State Railroad Museum

The state's official railroad museum located in Mandan is housed within the former Northern Pacific's yard office. The organization has also preserved the former NP wooden depot from Steele, North Dakota which sits on display. Along with artifacts the museum has a collection of equipment to peruse on the grounds.

Old Soo Depot Transportation Museum

Located inside the restored Soo Line brick depot (constructed in 1912) in Minot. It is open during weekdays throughout the year.

Railroad Museum Of Minot

Also located in Minot this museum preserved the history of railroads serving the town from 1886 until present day. They are open during much of the year and have a nice collection of historic artifacts and displays.