Published: September 21, 2026
By: Adam Burns
The Long Island’s first diesel was a boxcab in a city that had decided it was finished with soft-coal smoke. No. 401, an Alco–GE–Ingersoll-Rand 600-horsepower unit, was completed in November 1925, construction number 66085, and set to work where a steam locomotive had been offending the neighbors. The railroad then spent thirty years with steam and diesel on the same timetable. Ten Alco RS-3s, delivered in August and September 1955, took the last commuter jobs. G5s 35 and 39 made the public goodbye at Hicksville on October 8 of that year.
What followed was a commuter diesel roster with a short memory and a long parts list: Fairbanks-Morse C-Liners, Alco C-420s, EMD GP38-2s, and a set of old cab units rebuilt as head-end-power cars with the traction motors taken out. The engines in service now are twenty-four DE30ACs and twenty DM30ACs, assembled for this railroad at Schenectady in 1998 and 1999, plus MP15ACs on the work trains.
Fairbanks-Morse H16-44 #1506 with a combine at Hillside, about 1954. Meyer Pearlman photo. American-Rails.com collection. No. 1506 is one of 1504–1509, serials 16L408–16L413, completed in October 1951.
On this page: At a glance · Boxcabs and the Kaufman Act · Fairbanks-Morse · Alcos, through the C-420s · GP38-2s, then Schenectady · Power cars · The two RDCs · All-time roster
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Railroad | Long Island Rail Road. Mark LI. Company Long Island Rail Road |
| This roster | All-time diesel-electrics, the two Budd rail diesel cars, and the cab units rebuilt as head-end-power cars. One row per builder batch. Serial and order are separate columns |
| First diesel | Boxcab 401, Alco–GE–Ingersoll-Rand, serial 66085, order S1494, November 1925 |
| Why so early | The 1923 Kaufman Act pushed smoke out of the city. A diesel on the Evergreen Branch also gave the Pennsylvania a machine to study |
| Last steam | October 8, 1955, Hicksville. The ten RS-3s, 1551–1560, were the engines that replaced it |
| Passenger cabs | Eight CPA20-5s, 2001–2008 (1950), and four CPA24-5s, 2401–2404 (1951). The Long Island was the only buyer of the CPA20-5 |
| Second generation | Thirty C-420s, 200–229 (1963–1968). Twenty-eight GP38-2s, 250–277 (1976–1977). Twenty-three MP15ACs and eight SW1001s in 1977 |
| In service | DE30AC 400–423 (24) and DM30AC 500–522 less 503, 507, and 511 (20). Built 1998–1999, EMD order numbers 936423 and 956623 |
Identities follow The Diesel Shop’s Long Island list, rebuilt February 11, 2026, and Dave Keller’s motive-power pages. Information compiled September 21, 2026.
No. 401 was the 100-ton, 600-horsepower AGEIR boxcab, Alco order S1494, Alco serial 66085, GE serial 9740, finished in November 1925 and sold for scrap on June 7, 1951. The railroad’s first 402 was a different machine: an 80-ton Brill boxcab, construction number 22315, January 1926, with gasoline engines, bought so the mechanical department could compare gasoline with diesel. It failed its tests. A second 402, another AGEIR boxcab, Alco serial 67330, order S1582, arrived in September 1928 and lasted until the early 1950s.
Baldwin’s contribution to that first generation was a married pair, 403A and 403B, serials 60185 and 60186, January 1928. They went back to the builder, returned able to work separately, and in September 1945 were themselves replaced, by VO-660 403, serial 71578. Koehler thought 403A and 403B were the first diesel locomotives on a common-carrier railroad to be retired in favor of a newer diesel. Four Baldwin DS-4-4-660s, 409–412, followed in May 1948, and a single DS-4-4-1000, No. 450, in April 1948.
The yard fleet that actually dieselized the railroad was Alco. Five S-1s, 404–408, came in 1946. Nine more, 413–421, came in 1949. S-2s arrived the same year, some new (446–449 and 451–460) and some secondhand from the Delaware & Hudson (439–445). Number 450 in that series is the Baldwin, above.
Three small General Electrics closed out the shop-goat era. The 44-tonner was No. 400, serial 30854, December 1950, later Black River & Western 400. Two 25-tonners, 398 and 399, arrived in 1958. A third, No. 397, was bought from Long Island Lighting. No. 398 is at the Oyster Bay Railroad Museum. No. 399 is at the Railroad Museum of Long Island.
Fairbanks-Morse sold the Long Island the only CPA20-5s ever built: eight units, 2001–2008, serials 21L331–21L338, delivered in the summer of 1950. The model was a 2,000-horsepower passenger cab on a B-A1A wheel arrangement, class FP-20sc on the railroad. Four CPA24-5s, 2401–2404, serials 24L497–24L500, followed in September 1951, class FP-24sc, 2,400 horsepower. They were handsome, and they were not a long-term answer. Alcos took the passenger trains later in the decade.
The road-switcher side of the same builder was the H16-44. Nos. 1501 and 1502, serials 16L373 and 16L407, and 1504–1509, serials 16L408–16L413, were completed in October 1951. The missing number, 1503, is an H15-44, serial 15L14, built in February 1949 as a Fairbanks-Morse demonstrator and upgraded to 1,600 horsepower. Once that was done, the railroad classed her with the H16-44s.
Nine RS-1s, 461–469, were the first Alco road-switchers, class AGP-10sc, delivered from December 1948 into 1950. The serials skip. Nos. 461–465 are 76220, 76222, and 76226–76228. Nos. 466–469 are a later order, 77475–77478, April 1950. Two RS-2s came from the Delaware & Hudson in 1962: 1519 and 1520, serials 77570 and 77571, order 20390, built in November 1949 as D&H 4019 and 4020, class AGP-15msc. No. 1520 later became Detroit & Mackinac 977. A third RS-2 was tried and sent home after an electrical fire.
RS-1 #468 at Morris Park, Queens, in 1971. American-Rails.com collection. Morris Park, in Jamaica, was the shop. The engine is from the 466–469 group, serials 77475–77478.
The engines that finished steam were ten RS-3s, class AGP-16msc, Alco specification E1662. No. 1551, serial 81351, is August 1955. Nos. 1552–1560, serials 81352–81360, are September 1955. They carried a steam generator in the short hood, because the cars still wanted steam heat. No. 1556 is at the Railroad Museum of Long Island in Riverhead, with G5s 39 and one of the P72 coaches that shared the Hicksville platform.
The C-420s were the MTA years before EMD took over. Thirty units, 200–229, arrived in four lots between December 1963 and August 1968: 200–207 as 84722–84729, 208–220 as 84779–84791, 221 as order 384 serial 384-01 in July 1965, and 222–229 as order 6006 serials 6006-1 through 6006-8 in August 1968. Nos. 200–211 went to the Delaware & Hudson on lease in 1977, still in MTA paint, and had left by December 1977. That lease is already on the Delaware & Hudson diesel roster. The GP38-2s had by then taken the passenger trains.
C-420 #221 at Greenport, New York, in the late 1960s. Author’s collection. She is the one-unit order, serial 384-01, completed in July 1965. Greenport is the 1844 terminal, still the end of the Main Line.
Electro-Motive’s first large sale to the Long Island was the GP38-2. Twenty-two units, 250–271, came on order 756091 in January and February 1976, serials 756091-1 through 756091-22. Six more, 272–277, came on order 766041 in March and April 1977, serials 766041-1 through 766041-6. The same spring produced eight SW1001s, 100–107, order 766042, and twenty-three MP15ACs, 150–172, order 766043. Several of the switchers later worked for the New York & Atlantic. The GP38-2s themselves mostly went on to leasing companies and to that freight operator after the dual-modes arrived. One FL9, No. 302, serial 21993, built in October 1960 as New Haven 2047, came off Conrail 5047 and is the railroad’s only example of that model.
The present locomotive was designed for a tunnel rule. Diesels do not lead trains through the East River tunnels into Penn Station. EMD built twenty-three DE30ACs, 400–422, order 936423, serials 936423-1 through 936423-23, in 1998, and twenty-three DM30ACs, 500–522, order 956623, serials 956623-1 through 956623-23, in 1999, assembling them at the former Super Steel plant in Schenectady. Both use a 12-710G3B-EC rated at 3,000 horsepower. The DM30AC can take third-rail power, which is how a diesel-territory train from Port Jefferson, Oyster Bay, Montauk, or Greenport reaches Penn Station. No. 503 burned in October 2000 and was retired. No. 511 was retired after a derailment in May 2019. No. 507’s electrical cabinet failed, and the unit was rebuilt as straight-diesel DE30AC 423, keeping serial 956623-8, about 2013. The fleet that remains is 24 DE30ACs, 400–423, and 20 DM30ACs.
They replaced the GP38-2s in passenger service, and they replaced the power cars. With them came 134 Kawasaki C3 bilevels, in 1997 and 1998, including 23 cab cars. The C3s are coaches. They are not in this table.
From 1971 the railroad ran push-pull trains with a GP38-2, or earlier a C-420, on one end and a converted cab unit on the other. General Electric’s apparatus shop in North Bergen gutted Alco FA-1s and FA-2s: traction motors out, the generator rewired for head-end power, the cab left so the engineer could run from that end. Edward M. Koehler’s account of the fleet puts the first one, No. 601, former Louisville & Nashville FA-2 317, on train 600 to Port Jefferson on the morning of May 25, 1971. Former New York Central FA-2 1102 became No. 600. Former Pennsylvania, New Haven, Spokane, Portland & Seattle, and Western Maryland cabs filled out 602–618. Four EMD F-units, 619–622, were converted later, at Morris Park. A fifth, which would have been 623, was parted out and never entered service. No. 608 was cut down again into power car 3100. The whole idea lasted until the DE30ACs, the DM30ACs, and the C3 cab cars made a separate power car unnecessary.
Power car #601 at St. James, New York, on June 18, 1971. Ed Conklin III photo. She was built in June 1956 as Louisville & Nashville FA-2 317, serial 81964, and rebuilt by GE at North Bergen. The traction motors were gone. The cab was not.
The railroad bought two Budd rail diesel cars for the East End. RDC-2 3121, serial 6015, was completed in March 1955. RDC-1 3101, serial 6219, followed in August 1955. They ran as a pair, lettered East Ender for a time, on the scoot services beyond the electric territory. No. 3101 was wrecked, her front end crushed, and was scrapped at Corona Yard in December 1971. No. 3121 was traded to the Baltimore & Ohio in July 1968 for the closed-end observation Napannee.
RDC-1 #3101 and RDC-2 #3121 in scoot service at Oakdale, New York, about 1957. Meyer Pearlman photo. American-Rails.com collection. Budd serials 6219 and 6015.
Road numbers are the Long Island’s. “Order” is the builder’s order, specification, or contract when the source gives one. A construction number that is not an order-unit serial is in the Serial column, and the Order cell is left blank. Later owners are noted only where the account is clean.
| Numbers | Model | Builder | Serial | Order | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 401 | Boxcab, 600 hp | Alco–GE–IR | 66085 | S1494 | Nov. 1925 | GE serial 9740. Class AA-2. Scrapped June 1951. The first diesel |
| 402 (1st) | Boxcab, gasoline | Brill | 22315 | — | Jan. 1926 | Gasoline engines, for comparison with 401. Failed its tests |
| 402 (2nd) | Boxcab, 600 hp | Alco–GE–IR | 67330 | S1582 | Sep. 1928 | Class AA-2. Scrapped in the early 1950s |
| 403A, 403B | Boxcab pair | Baldwin | 60185, 60186 | — | Jan. 1928 | Married pair, later separated. Replaced in September 1945 |
| 403 (2nd) | VO-660 | Baldwin | 71578 | — | Oct. 1945 | Class BS-6. Replaced 403A and 403B |
| 409–412 | DS-4-4-660 | Baldwin | 73628–73631 | — | May 1948 | Class BS-6a |
| 450 | DS-4-4-1000 | Baldwin | 73612 | — | Apr. 1948 | The number 450 was not used on an S-2 |
| 397 | 25-ton | GE | 32628 | — | Mar. 1956 | Ex-Long Island Lighting. To the Oyster Bay Railroad Museum |
| 398 | 25-ton | GE | 33030 | — | May 1958 | To the Oyster Bay Railroad Museum |
| 399 | 25-ton | GE | 33375 | — | Aug. 1958 | To the Railroad Museum of Long Island |
| 400 (1st) | 44-ton | GE | 30854 | — | Dec. 1950 | Class GS-4. To Black River & Western 400, then the Valley Railroad. See the 44-tonner page |
| Numbers | Model | Builder | Serial | Order | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 404–406 | S-1 | Alco | 74434–74436 | — | June 1946 | Class AS-6. 660 hp |
| 407 | S-1 | Alco | 73906 | — | June 1946 | Later Staten Island 407 |
| 408 | S-1 | Alco | 73911 | — | July 1946 | Class AS-6m |
| 413–420 | S-1 | Alco | 76738–76745 | — | June–July 1949 | 415 and 416 were the speed-control pair |
| 421 | S-1 | Alco | 76327 | — | July 1949 | Class AS-6 |
| 439 | S-2 | Alco | 76514 | — | Dec. 1948 | Ex-D&H 3025 |
| 440 | S-2 | Alco | 76199 | — | Nov. 1948 | Ex-D&H 3020 |
| 441 | S-2 | Alco | 77516 | — | Dec. 1948 | Ex-D&H 3027 |
| 442 | S-2 | Alco | 77820 | — | Nov. 1949 | Ex-D&H 3030 |
| 443 | S-2 | Alco | 75551 | — | Dec. 1947 | Ex-D&H 3013 |
| 444 | S-2 | Alco | 72749 | — | Sep. 1944 | Ex-D&H 3001 |
| 445 | S-2 | Alco | 73359 | — | May 1945 | Ex-D&H 3003 |
| 446–449 | S-2 | Alco | 77831–77834 | — | Dec. 1949 | New. Class AS-10 |
| 451 | S-2 | Alco | 76519 | — | Dec. 1948 | New. The serial sits apart from 452–460 |
| 452–460 | S-2 | Alco | 76572–76580 | — | Dec. 1948 | New. Class AS-10c |
| 461 | RS-1 | Alco | 76220 | — | Dec. 1948 | Class AGP-10sc |
| 462 | RS-1 | Alco | 76222 | — | 1949 | Serials skip 76221 and 76223–76225 |
| 463–465 | RS-1 | Alco | 76226–76228 | — | Feb.–Mar. 1949 | 465 later Green Mountain 465 |
| 466–469 | RS-1 | Alco | 77475–77478 | — | Apr. 1950 | Class AGP-10msc. 467 later to other short lines |
| 1519 | RS-2 | Alco | 77570 | 20390 | Nov. 1949 | Built as D&H 4019. To the LIRR in 1962. Class AGP-15msc |
| 1520 | RS-2 | Alco | 77571 | 20390 | Nov. 1949 | Built as D&H 4020. Later Detroit & Mackinac 977 |
| 1551 | RS-3 | Alco | 81351 | E1662 | Aug. 1955 | Class AGP-16msc. Steam-generator short hood |
| 1552–1560 | RS-3 | Alco | 81352–81360 | E1662 | Sep. 1955 | 1556 is at the Railroad Museum of Long Island. 1553 later D&M 1077 |
| 200–207 | C-420 | Alco | 84722–84729 | — | Dec. 1963–Feb. 1964 | 200–211 leased to the Delaware & Hudson in 1977 |
| 208–220 | C-420 | Alco | 84779–84791 | — | Feb.–May 1964 | 208–211 were in the D&H lease with 200–207 |
| 221 | C-420 | Alco | 384-01 | 384 | July 1965 | Single-unit order. The Greenport photograph |
| 222–229 | C-420 | Alco | 6006-1–6006-8 | 6006 | Aug. 1968 | Last new Alcos |
| Numbers | Model | Builder | Serial | Order | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1503 | H15-44 | FM | 15L14 | — | Feb. 1949 | Ex-demonstrator. Upgraded to 1,600 hp and classed with the H16-44s |
| 1501, 1502 | H16-44 | FM | 16L373, 16L407 | — | Oct. 1951 | Class FGP-16sc |
| 1504–1509 | H16-44 | FM | 16L408–16L413 | — | Oct. 1951 | Class FGP-16msc. 1506 is the Hillside photograph |
| 2001–2008 | CPA20-5 | FM | 21L331–21L338 | — | June–Aug. 1950 | Class FP-20sc. Eight units, the entire production of the model |
| 2401–2404 | CPA24-5 | FM | 24L497–24L500 | — | Sep. 1951 | Class FP-24sc. 2,400 hp, B-A1A |
| Numbers | Model | Builder | Serial | Order | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 250–271 | GP38-2 | EMD | 756091-1–756091-22 | 756091 | Jan.–Feb. 1976 | 22 units. Many later to LLPX and the New York & Atlantic |
| 272–277 | GP38-2 | EMD | 766041-1–766041-6 | 766041 | Mar.–Apr. 1977 | 6 units |
| 100–107 | SW1001 | EMD | 766042-1–766042-8 | 766042 | Mar.–Apr. 1977 | 101, 105, and 106 later New York & Atlantic |
| 150–172 | MP15AC | EMD | 766043-1–766043-23 | 766043 | Mar. 1977 | 23 units. 154, 162, 169, and 170 scrapped. 151, 155, 156, and 159 to the New York & Atlantic |
| 302 | FL9 | EMD | 21993 | — | Oct. 1960 | Ex-Conrail 5047, nee New Haven 2047. The only FL9 |
| 400–422 (2nd) | DE30AC | EMD | 936423-1–936423-23 | 936423 | 1998 | 23 units, 3,000 hp. Assembled at Schenectady. Straight diesel |
| 423 | DE30AC | EMD | 956623-8 | 956623 | 1999 | Built as DM30AC 507. Rebuilt as a DE30AC about 2013 |
| 500–522 | DM30AC | EMD | 956623-1–956623-23 | 956623 | 1999 | 23 units as built. 503 retired after an October 2000 fire. 507 became 423. 511 retired after a May 2019 derailment. Twenty remain |
Traction motors had been removed. The diesel and the cab stayed, so the engineer could run from that end while a locomotive on the other end did the pulling. No. 603 was later renumbered 598, on the same serial. A fifth EMD cab, which would have been 623, was parted out before it entered service.
| Numbers | Model | Builder | Serial | Order | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 600 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 79301 | — | Oct. 1951 | Ex-PC 1302, nee NYC 1102. In service from 1974 |
| 601 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 81964 | — | June 1956 | Ex-L&N 317. First of the conversions, May 25, 1971. The St. James photograph |
| 602 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 80903 | — | May 1956 | Ex-L&N 309 |
| 603 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 81087 | — | June 1956 | Ex-L&N 315. Later renumbered 598 |
| 604 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 81086 | — | June 1956 | Ex-L&N 314 |
| 605 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 80904 | — | May 1956 | Ex-L&N 310 |
| 606 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 81968 | — | June 1956 | Ex-L&N 321 |
| 607 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 78606 | — | Jan. 1951 | Ex-Western Maryland 303 |
| 608 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 78607 | — | Jan. 1951 | Ex-Western Maryland 304. Later cut down as power car 3100 |
| 609 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 78494 | — | Jan. 1951 | Ex-Western Maryland 301 |
| 610 | Power car, ex-FA-2 | Alco | 78495 | — | Jan. 1951 | Ex-Western Maryland 302 |
| 611 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 76672 | — | Feb. 1949 | Ex-BN 4102, nee SP&S 857 |
| 612 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 76671 | — | Feb. 1949 | Ex-BN 4100, nee SP&S 856 |
| 613 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 78286 | — | Dec. 1950 | Ex-BN 4120, nee SP&S 866 |
| 614 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 76673 | — | Feb. 1949 | Ex-BN 4104, nee SP&S 858 |
| 615 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 76838 | — | Apr. 1949 | Ex-BN 4116, nee SP&S 864, nee GN 442A |
| 616 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 76674 | — | Feb. 1949 | Ex-BN 4108, nee SP&S 859 |
| 617 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 75425 | — | Oct. 1947 | Ex-PC 1333, nee New Haven 0428 |
| 618 | Power car, ex-FA-1 | Alco | 75276 | — | May 1947 | Ex-PC 1330, nee New Haven 0401 |
| 619 | Power car, ex-F9 | EMD | 18756 | — | 1954 | Ex-Milwaukee 126A. Converted at Morris Park |
| 620 | Power car, ex-FP7 | EMD | 10349 | — | Dec. 1950 | Ex-Milwaukee 85A |
| 621 | Power car, ex-F7A | EMD | 16651 | — | Aug. 1952 | Ex-B&O 4599 |
| 622 | Power car, ex-F7A | EMD | 12626 | 6161 | Nov. 1950 | Ex-B&O 4524, also carried B&O 265 |
| Numbers | Model | Builder | Serial | Order | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3121 | RDC-2 | Budd | 6015 | — | Mar. 1955 | Baggage compartment. Traded to the B&O, July 1968, for the observation Napannee |
| 3101 | RDC-1 | Budd | 6219 | — | Aug. 1955 | Wrecked. Scrapped at Corona Yard, December 1971 |
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