Portland Union Station (Maine): History, Photos, Legacy

Published: February 5, 2025

Portland, Maine, known for its rugged coastlines and charming lighthouses, harbors a rich tapestry of history woven through its longstanding infrastructure.

Among its impressive architectural feats once stood Portland Union Station, a significant and evocative symbol of transportation history in the region.

Opened in 1888 the beautiful complex - featuring a breathtaking clocktower that stood nearly 200 feet high - was the gateway to northern New England serving trains of the Boston & Maine and Maine Central.

Unfortunately, the station was the victim of "modernity" afflicting the nation during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s that saw many elegant works of early 20th century architecture razed in the name of progress. Though the station no longer exists, its legacy is woven into the cultural and historical fabric of Portland.

A Detroit Publishing Company photo featuring Portland Union Station, circa 1909.

History

Portland Union Station was built during a period when the advent of railroads heralded a new era of transit and commerce across the United States. The station was conceived during a period of explosive growth in New England, with the Maine Central at the helm of the project.

The station, crafted by Boston architects Bradlee, Winslow & Wetherell, drew inspiration from medieval French château architecture.

Primarily constructed from granite, it featured an imposing clock tower that rose to 188 feet. Officially opening on June 25, 1888, the union station accommodated trains from the Boston & Maine, Maine Central, and Portland & Ogdensburg railroads

Interestingly, the Grand Trunk Railway - a Canadian National subsidiary - served Portland from a separate station located two miles away on India Street.

Union Station served as a critical hub connecting Portland to major cities such as Boston and Montreal while also providing rail service to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in conjunction with the Bangor & Aroostook and Canadian National.

The facility's strategic location positioned it as a pivotal player in facilitating not just travel, but the movement of goods, materials, and ideas. It epitomized the dynamism of industrial advancement during its zenith.

Union Station was more than just a transportation hub; it became a societal focal point. Its corridors echoed with the bustling footsteps of commuters, the station’s grand waiting rooms hosted dignitaries and travelers alike, and its accompanying hotel provided luxury and comfort to many.

For half a century, the station was an integral component of Portland’s urban landscape, an architectural marvel capturing the imagination of those who passed through its halls. During its heyday the terminal hosted dozens of trains. Notable named services include:

East Wind (Portland-Washington, DC)
State of Maine (Portland-New York City)
Bar Harbor Express (Ellsworth-Washington, DC)
Flying Yankee (Bangor-Boston, via Lewiston)
The Gull (Halifax-Boston via Lewiston)
Penobscot (Bangor-Boston via Augusta)
Pine Tree (Bangor-Boston via Augusta)

Decline

Despite its historic significance, the sweeping changes in transportation trends post-World War II marked the beginning of the end for many grand stations. The rise of automobile travel and aviation gradually diminished the prominence of railroads in the American transportation hierarchy.

Consequently, with declining demand for rail service nationwide, maintaining grandiose rail structures became economically unsustainable. Portland Union Station fell victim to this shift.

In September 1960, the Maine Central ceased passenger service to the station, leading to its closure on October 30 when the Boston & Maine relocated its remaining trains.

On August 31, 1961, the station was demolished to make way for a strip mall. Nonetheless, the B&M continued to operate multiple daily train services from Portland to Boston until 1965. The loss of the iconic clock tower, which had been its defining feature, was acutely felt across the community.

Legacy

It symbolized the erasure of a piece of the city’s history, and its absence underlined the tensions between modern development and historic preservation – a theme that continues to resonate in urban planning contexts today.

Despite its physical absence, Portland Union Station's legacy endures. Its importance is not lost upon the local community, which remembers it as a symbol of the city’s historical connection to the broader currents of American development.

While the site today is occupied by a transportation hub dealing in bus travel and commerce, the memory of the original station has inspired preservation efforts throughout Portland.

These preservation efforts have crystallized into broader support for maintaining and celebrating Portland’s historic architecture. Landmarks, parks, and public spaces are now championed with greater fervor, largely due to lessons learned from the loss of Union Station.

Moreover, in a nod to its historical significance, elements of the station have been immortalized in local museums and publications.

Photography collections and historical narratives continue to circulate within academic and local circles, perpetuating a narrative that reminds current and future generations of the city’s storied past.

Its history stands as both a cautionary tale about the need for preservation and a testament to the resilience of historical memory. As Portland continues to grow and evolve, Union Station serves as a reminder of the city’s intricate balances between preserving its rich history and embracing the future.